Laigelte

ZOLAI GEL DAN

Eima Zou ham toh kisai Geldan ding i tahlang ding uhi. I ham khat zel in thugen khat chiet nei thei ahi. Nanleh syllable Kammal a khietna kitheilou zong um thei hi. Kammal ni gawm a kichien pawl zong um a, Kammal thum gawm a kichien pawl zong um ahi. Li tan i gawm a kichien pawl zong um hi.

 

English ah word khat zel ei ham ah word khat chetchet chi zong hithei kimlou hi. Beu khat a kichien syllable 3/4 hinanleh thumal khat siem mai ding ahi. Lelam lelam a  i gen pen kichien ahileh khenzah mai ding in a hoi hi. Syllable 3 val ahi chieng in a mel a puom a puoh dan zong etlawm nawnlou hi.

 

ETSAHNA IN: Syllable li (4) mun ni a khen ding,

1. naupangpawlpi khu naupang pawlpi
2. tongsiebanna khu tongse banna etc etc

 

Naupang, tongsie, pawlpi, banna i chite in gen khat chiet nei thei kichien mama hi. A tom thei pen a siem a, i sim chieng a zong kichien vilvel mai ding a siem ding ahi.

 

SYLLABLE LI A SIEMNA

"Ki" a kipan laimal pouma syllable 4 tan ah siem thei ahi. kichiemnuina,

Kisahtheina, kithutuohna, Kingainatna, kideisahna, Ki-uongsahna, kilainatna, Kikaituohna, kikai, kilai, Kichiem, kisah chite in gen chieng nei theilou in thu tuom chiet kawh ahiman in kimat a gel dia poukhawmsah ding ahi.

 

CONCLUSIVE SENTENCE:

Thuguol buching, eima ham zah dan ah thuguol buching leh chinglou um hi. Thuguol tawpna ah "hi" a tawpte a buching ahia, a uh, ua, in, un, etc a tawpte a chinglou ahi uhi. Tuazieh in  amaute khu a khawlna maimai a zah ding, thuguol buching ahi chieng a "hi" laimal a tawpsah ding ahi.

 

Etsahna in: Lienpu ka inn uah a hing vah a, tom khat zou in a peita hi. Ana pei un, kou zong hing pei ding ka hi uhi.

 

Kam a genthaw ahi chieng in ua, in, a chite zah thei ahia, gelthaw ahi chieng in thuguol tawpna ah zahlou ham sawm ding a hoi hi.

 

ADJECTIVE LEH NOUN

Ei ham zahdan ah English a toh kibahsah i sawm teitei chieng un thuguol pen dih theilou hi. English "good boy" chipen ei ham ah naupang hoi china ahi. A kituoh a giel ding hilei "a hoi naupang" chi ding ahi. English a kigiel bangbang in letdoh hilei a dihlou tampi um ding hi. Etsahna: "I eat with spoon" sihkhe toh an ka ne, tamna a gen dan khu "sihkhe in zong anne, ei zong anne" china ahi. A dihtah in "sikhe in ann ka ne" hi a china ahi. Eima ham a dih thei penpen a gel ding ahi.

 

PRONOUN

Ei ham a pronoun i chite khu "nang, kei, ama, kou, nou, a, i" chite khu ahi. Amaute khu a panna munte ah thumal dang toh kimat a gellou ding, a tuom a pousah ding ahi. Thu i gen a mah, i gel chieng in a mah, mi khat i gen chieng in i gen tung in a min i lou ua, aban ah a min gen nawnlou in "ama, nang, kei, i, a, amapa, amanu, ka, nang", etc. chite in kigen hi. Tuate khu tuom pousah ding, nua leh ma a umte toh kimatsahlou ding ahi. Tuom pousah ding china ahi. Etsahna ding in Thangpu a hing pei a, ama khu ka mel thei ahi. "Thangpu" khu noun ahia "ama" khu pronoun ahi. Mi tangthu i gen chieng un koi ahi chi kichetna ding in a min uh i gen masa uhi. Mi thum  numei leh pasal tanchin gen dan in kingaisut vai, a tung in a minte uh a banban in i lou hi. A genzawmna ah a min ua gen nawnlou in "nang, kou, amanu, amapa eite, i, a", chite in kizom hi. Tuazieh in a kichien theina ding a tuom pousah ding, a kung a um thumal toh kimatsahlou ding ahi. Tualeh a min kitheichien masa loupi in "ama, nang, kou, i, a, chite" ah panlei koi kigenna e chi kichienlou ding ahi. A kichien theina ding in a min mama uh zah ding ahi. Etsahna: Thanghou leh a naupa Liandou in mim tang kiphal hop uhi. (Amapa leh a naupa) Tualeh ama, aman, i zah chieng in "pasal ahileh amapa, numei ahileh amanu" chin giel lei kichieng sem ding hi.

 

Etsahna:Amapa leh amanu kihau uhi. A mi kitheisate genna ahi. Minu leh mipa kihau chilei a mi pen theichiensa hilou china ahi. I lungthah chieng un" nangnu, nangpa" kitheina va chia!! English he, her, his, him, she i chite toh kibang hi. A kichienna ding in minu, mipa nangnu, nangpa chite zah thei ahi. Lawmthang leh Lawmniang kingai uhi. A khonung in minu in mipa deilou hi. Mipan zong nangnu kithei na va chie, minun zong nangpa zong nopsa tuom sih va chie chi hi.

 

SENTENCE PARTICLES

"a, ah,in, i” chite khu thuguol ding ah a zawna ding a buoihuoi hun bang hing um zel hi. A buoihuoi louna ding in verb toh kimat a gellou a, a tuom a pousah ding ahia, ah, in, i chite post position ahi ua, a kizompi noun ahiei preposition ahiei masang a um ahi uhi.

A diihlou : Lienpua 

A dih       : Lienpu a

A dihlou.  : Laibuah

A dih       : Laibu ah

A dihlou.  : Lampiah

A dih       : Lampi ah

A dihlou.  : Jesuin 

A dih         : Jesu in

A dihlou.  : Gandhiin

A dih        : Gandhi in

A dihlou.   : Nangin

A dih         : Nang in

"IN" i chi laimal kizahna khu nominative case ah kizang giap hi. Etsahna in Thangpu i chi chieng in a kizompi ding laimal khat poimaw hi. "ann a ne hi" chilei mi dang anneh khu Thangpu kung a gen kisuohta hi."in" i belap chieng in a thuguol khu hing dih thei pan hi. Thangpu "in" ann a ne hi. Thangpu anneh kigen kha hi. Sentence sung ah noun ahiei pronoun ahiei a subject ding "a", a ban ah "in" chi in zui a tuaban ah verb/prediction in zui hi.

 

Lahtom lam a i gel chieng in "in" khu a kizompi noun or pronoun toh kizom a gelmat ding tuaban ah "i" pen kilanglou ding, "i" mun ah apostrophe koi ding ahi.

Etsahna: Pa'n a tate it hi. (pa in) china ahi.

 

HAM  NUPA: (PAIRING OF WORDS).

Thu i gen a i deisengleh i uong gen ut mama chieng un "Ham Nupa" kizang hi. Tuate khu thu tuomtuom a hilou zieh a kimat a gel ding ahi. Etsahna; ut mama sing, nang,mawngmawng, lawmlawm ngal de, vevo de, poupou chin etc kimat a gel ding tuom gellou ding ahi. 

 

SPOSTROPHE

Eima ham ah "apostrophe"(') kizahna tampi um hi. Hinanleh lai gel khenkhat i sim chieng  in apostrophe kizahlou zieh in a thu kichieng theilou, kithei butlou tampi um hi. Tuate a postrophe(") kizahlou zieh ahi. Etsahna Jesu’n = Jesu in, pie’n = pie in, ama’n = ama in, Thangpu’n = Thangpu in

Apostrophe i zah chieng in "i" omited ding ahi.

 

Sentence sung a noun leh noun a kizom a kigiel chieng in apostrophe koi thei pawl um hi. A neitu chiemtena hingal, nou ni kikaal halna zong hingal direct form a zah thei ahi. Etsahna: Thangpu’ inn, Lianpu’ sielpi, a neitu kohmuna a zah thei ahi.

 

Adjective leh Adverb pouma ei ham (ng) a tawp tengteng noun ahing suoh chieng in a gindan hing lamdang in (g) pen mang hiau hi. Bikhieh nei a kiheng ahi hi. Etsahna: siengthou=sienthouna. Tungtuong=tungtuonna etc etc.

 

AW SANG AW NEM

I ham ah i aw suo khu a gindan kibang kimlou hi. A tom gin pawl, a khau gin pawl leh a nem gin pawl um chiet hi. Tuate zahtuoh theina ding in laiteng in dailou a, a kidai in giellei laibu et theilou suoh dia pawl bembom mai ding hi. I.P.A (International Phonetics Alphabet) pawl man dan in manglei bikhiehna um thei mama hi. A kichienna ding in "aw leh o" i mankhawm uh ngai hi.

Etsahna: AW, O

1. bawng=bawngpi cow

    bong.  =sing bong

2. dawng=a dawnna

    dong =a dohna

3. hawt. =Nala kuo hawt

     hot   = Kihot

4. kawt. =Tui kawt

    kot     =Inn kot

5. lawm   lawmpa, kilawm

     Lom =  Singlom, lom kaan

 

Tuaban ah "H" kichi laimal tawpna ah zong i man uh kul hi. Nanleh confused thei ding ahi chieng maimai a zah giap ding ahi. Etsahna: 

Gel.    : tui gel, Geel : lunggel

Gelh : lai gelh, gelhna, giel

 

Tualeh laimal vowel double leh single i man uh zong ngai hi. Nanleh confused thei ding ahi chieng in mang vai ui. Etsahna;

Ban   = ten a ban  

Baan = khut leh baan

Dan  = Inn dan

Daan = daan kipuohna 

Kap.  = nau kap

Kaap.= sa kaap

 

Tambang zahna ding mun tampi ah um hi. Nanleh kibaan zah hitaleh i laigel uh pawl luong ding in kilawmlou ding ahiman in kizang lou phot hi.

A sentence in i tup pen a genkhah pouleh vowel double zahlou ding, tuaban ah confused  ding ahileh zahgiap ding ahi.

 

I E leh I A KIZAHNA 

Lai gel i chipen eima hina aw suo a piengdoh a, a gin dan kituoh thei vowel laimal um sese hi.

Tuaban ah market zong et ngai a, i kim-e vel a mite mandan leh eima mandan zong ettuoh deu a mi dang toh i kisimtuo theina ding zong sui deu ngai hi.

Tualeh tulaitah a kizui tangpi deu in I.P.A. pawl gendan kila hi. Tuaban ah eima Zou kam Bible, Labu leh Laibu kibawlte ah zong IE leh UO kichi zah pen leh man pen in nei uhi. I gam mipi leh i kim i vel mite kung ah zong zah pen leh man pen in i na nei uhi. Tuaban ah I.P.A. pawl in Linguaphone a test a bawlna uah zong a gindan leh a aw suodan in eima zoukam toh kituoh pen hi.

Tua ahiman in eima zoukam a laigiel mite in IE leh UO man chiet ngeingei ding a kimang ahita a, tuni a eiten i zah pan uh zong ahisih a, i leitang a kiphumsa ahiman in i man uh kul ahi. Tualeh Zou Literature Society in zong zah ding a approved sa ahiban ah a na zahtou pen ahi zing zieh in a nuoi a bang a man ding ahi.

Etsahna diing in:

IE kimannna:- Biehinn, biel, bieng, chielna, chiem, chien, chieng, chieugal, chiet, dia, dieng, given, giet, giep, ngiet, hiel, hiet, etc.

UO kimanna:- buo, buong, luon, kuon, muong, vuo, etc.

J leh Z : kiman daan

Tulaitah i Bible leh i Labu kigelhna ah mun khat ah J kizang in mun khat ah Z kizang hi. Zahna bikhieh leh kitup mawngmawng umlou hi. Tami zong bikhieh khat i neilou uh kiphamaw ahiman in i gen ding uhi.

Englishte zahdan i et chiang in ‘I.P.A’ pawl in J kichi laimal mi min, suong min leh gam min kichi lou ah mun dang mawngmawng ah zanglou uhi. ‘J’ pan theina mun thukal zetel lah ah ‘z’ kichi mang uhi.

Etsahna in:- Jerusalem, Jehovah Jireh, Jesus, Jeremia, Jacob, Jebulon, Jordan etc. chite in bikhieh ditdet in a mang ua ‘J’ pan theina mun thukaal zetel ah ‘z’ kichi mang uhi.

Etsahna in:- Zone, zinc-oxide, zeal, zigzag, zero, zest etc. I chite uh mang uhi.

Tua ahiman in ei zong i Zou kam ah ‘J’ pen mi min, suong min, sing min leh gam min i chite ah zah ding. ‘z’ pen thukaal zetelna munte a zah ding ahi hi. Bikhieh neih a kituptah a i zahna mun khat a zah ding ahi. Mi nam khat i hina kilahna leh kitheituona kichi khu bangma dang hilou in i ham i kam leh i laigel a pat a kitheituo ding i hi bou uhi.

Etsahna in:-

‘J’ kizahna:- Jamkhothang, Jawlneikim, Jawng, Ju, Jejaw, Jelzaniang, Joulei, etc.

‘Z’ kizahna:- Zieh in, zing chieng, zaan, zousie, zelzou, zehzoh, zulzau, zawtna, zongsang, zong etc.

Thukaal zetelna munte a ‘z’ zah ding, mi min, suong min, sing min, gam min ahi chieng a ‘J’ zah ding ahi.

‘KI’ kichi laimal:- ‘Ki’  chi laimal ama mai a a pou chieng in ‘sa ki, Bawng Ki leh Kipi’ china loungal lamdoh bangma nei lou hi. Tua ahiman in sa ki, ganhing ki i chite loungal ah ama ngen a pou thei lou hi.

             Tualeh eima kam ah thu i geen chieng un ki a kipan a tam mama hi. Tuate khu a kizompi laimal toh kimat a gel ding ahi. Tuaban khu a kizompi lailam i chite toh poukhawm theilou ahi. A poukhawm chieng in a gen ding pen gentalou i thu tuom gen suohta hi. A ban a um pen toh gin khat a ging khawm thu tuom genkha hi. A nuoi a bang in giel in.

A dih                                 Dihlou

Ki-atkha                         = kiatkha

Ki-entua                         = kientua

Ki-im                                = kiim

Ki-el                                  = kiel

Ki-it                                   = kiit

Ki-uhna                          = kiuhna

A tung a vowel toh i gelkhawm chieng a a kikal a gitphei (-) khat hun teitei ding ahi. Tuaban ah kimat a gelkhawm theite kimatsah ding ahi.

Etsahna in:- Kingai, kilia, kilungsiet, kipah, kihau, kivuo, kigawm, kidai, etc.

Tuazieh in a kimat theina munte a ‘ki’ laimal toh a kizompi laimal kimat a gel ngeingei ding ahi hi.

 

L. Taithul